Java menyediakan rangkaian operator yang kaya untuk memanipulasi variabel. Kita dapat membagi semua operator Java ke dalam grup berikut :
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Misc Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Operator aritmatika digunakan dalam ekspresi matematika dengan cara yang sama seperti yang digunakan dalam aljabar. Tabel berikut mencantumkan operator aritmatika - Asumsikan variabel integer A memegang 10 dan variabel B memegang 20.
Program berikut adalah contoh sederhana yang menunjukkan operator aritmatika. Salin dan tempel program Java berikut di file Test.java, dan kompilasi dan jalankan program ini.
contoh
Program berikut adalah contoh sederhana yang menunjukkan operator aritmatika. Salin dan tempel program Java berikut di file Test.java, dan kompilasi dan jalankan program ini.
contoh
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 25;
int d = 25;
System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) );
System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) );
System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) );
System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) );
System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) );
System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) );
System.out.println("a++ = " + (a++) );
System.out.println("b-- = " + (a--) );
// Check the difference in d++ and ++d
System.out.println("d++ = " + (d++) );
System.out.println("++d = " + (++d) );
}
}output
a + b = 30
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++ = 10
b-- = 11
d++ = 25
++d = 27
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++ = 10
b-- = 11
d++ = 25
++d = 27
tabel operator aritmatika
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + (Addition) | Adds values on either side of the operator. | A + B will give 30 |
| - (Subtraction) | Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand. | A - B will give -10 |
| * (Multiplication) | Multiplies values on either side of the operator. | A * B will give 200 |
| / (Division) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand. | B / A will give 2 |
| % (Modulus) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns remainder. | B % A will give 0 |
| ++ (Increment) | Increases the value of operand by 1. | B++ gives 21 |
| -- (Decrement) | Decreases the value of operand by 1. | B-- gives 19 |
dan juga operator relasi di java, contoh Asumsikan variabel A adalah 10 dan variabel B bernilai 20. Program berikut adalah contoh sederhana yang menunjukkan operator relasional. Salin dan tempel program Java berikut di file Test.java dan kompilasi dan jalankan program ini
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) );
System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) );
System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) );
System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) ); System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) );
System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) ); } }
a == b = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true b >= a = true
b <= a = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true b >= a = true
b <= a = false
tabel operator relation
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == (equal to) | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A == B) is not true. |
| != (not equal to) | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. | (A != B) is true. |
| > (greater than) | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A > B) is not true. |
| < (less than) | Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A < B) is true. |
| >= (greater than or equal to) | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A >= B) is not true. |
| <= (less than or equal to) | Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A <= B) is true. |
operator bitwise
Java mendefinisikan beberapa operator bitwise, yang dapat diterapkan ke tipe integer, panjang, int, short, char, dan byte. Operator Bitwise bekerja pada bit dan melakukan operasi bit-demi-bit. Asumsikan jika a = 60 dan b = 13; sekarang dalam format biner mereka akan menjadi seperti berikut
a = 0011 1100
b = 0000 1101
-----------------
a&b = 0000 1100
a|b = 0011 1101
a^b = 0011 0001
~a = 1100 0011
Tabel berikut mencantumkan operator bitwise - Asumsikan variabel integer A memegang 60 dan variabel B memegang 13
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & (bitwise and) | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 |
| | (bitwise or) | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 |
| ^ (bitwise XOR) | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 |
| ~ (bitwise compliment) | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. | (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number. |
| << (left shift) | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
| >> (right shift) | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 |
| >>> (zero fill right shift) | Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros. | A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111 |
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */
int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
int c = 0;
c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
System.out.println("a & b = " + c );
c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
System.out.println("a | b = " + c );
c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );
c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
System.out.println("~a = " + c );
c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */ System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c ); c = a >> 2; /* 15 = 1111 */
System.out.println("a >> 2 = " + c );
c = a >>> 2; /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
}
}output
a & b = 12
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240 a >> 2 = 15
a >>> 2 = 15
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240 a >> 2 = 15
a >>> 2 = 15
Operator Logika
Tabel berikut berisi daftar operator logika - Asumsikan variabel Boolean A memegang true dan variabel B berisi false
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && (logical and) | Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (A && B) is false |
| || (logical or) | Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (A || B) is true |
| ! (logical not) | Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. | !(A && B) is true |
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b));
System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) );
System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b));
}
}output
a && b = false
a || b = true
!(a && b) = true
a || b = true
!(a && b) = true
Assignment Operators
Berikut adalah operator penugasan yang didukung oleh bahasa Java
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. | C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 0;
c = a + b;
System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c );
c += a ;
System.out.println("c += a = " + c );
c -= a ;
System.out.println("c -= a = " + c );
c *= a ;
System.out.println("c *= a = " + c );
a = 10;
c = 15;
c /= a ;
System.out.println("c /= a = " + c );
a = 10;
c = 15;
c %= a ;
System.out.println("c %= a = " + c );
c <<= 2 ; System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c ); c >>= 2 ;
System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
c >>= 2 ;
System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
c &= a ;
System.out.println("c &= a = " + c );
c ^= a ;
System.out.println("c ^= a = " + c );
c |= a ;
System.out.println("c |= a = " + c );
}
}output
c = a + b = 30
c += a = 40
c -= a = 30
c *= a = 300
c /= a = 1
c %= a = 5
c <<= 2 = 20 c >>= 2 = 5
c >>= 2 = 1
c &= a = 0
c ^= a = 10
c |= a = 10
c += a = 40
c -= a = 30
c *= a = 300
c /= a = 1
c %= a = 5
c <<= 2 = 20 c >>= 2 = 5
c >>= 2 = 1
c &= a = 0
c ^= a = 10
c |= a = 10
Miscellaneous Operators
Ada beberapa operator lain yang didukung oleh Bahasa Java. Operator Bersyarat/kondisi (?:) Operator kondisional juga dikenal sebagai operator terner. Operator ini terdiri dari tiga operand dan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi ekspresi Boolean. Tujuan operator adalah memutuskan, nilai mana yang harus ditetapkan untuk variabel.
variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false
contoh
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a, b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
}output
Value of b is : 30
Value of b is : 20
Value of b is : 20
instanceof Operator
Operator ini hanya digunakan untuk variabel referensi objek. Operator memeriksa apakah objek adalah tipe tertentu (tipe kelas atau jenis interface). operator instanceof ditulis sebagai
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)
Jika objek yang dirujuk oleh variabel di sisi kiri operator melewati pemeriksaan IS-A untuk jenis kelas / antarmuka di sisi kanan, maka hasilnya akan benar. Berikut ini contohnya
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String name = "James";
// following will return true since name is type of String
boolean result = name instanceof String;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
true
Operator ini akan tetap mengembalikan nilai true, jika objek yang dibandingkan adalah penugasan yang kompatibel dengan jenis di sebelah kanan. Berikut ini adalah satu contoh lagi
class Vehicle {}
public class Car extends Vehicle {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Vehicle a = new Car();
boolean result = a instanceof Car;
System.out.println( result );
}
}output
true
Presedensi Operator Java
operator presedensi menentukan pengelompokan istilah dalam sebuah ekspresi. Ini memengaruhi cara ekspresi dievaluasi. Operator tertentu memiliki prioritas lebih tinggi daripada yang lain; misalnya, operator perkalian memiliki prioritas yang lebih tinggi daripada operator penambahan - Misalnya, x = 7 + 3 * 2; di sini x diberikan 13, bukan 20 karena operator * memiliki prioritas lebih tinggi dari +, sehingga pertama kali dikalikan dengan 3 * 2 dan kemudian ditambahkan ke 7. Di sini, operator dengan preseden tertinggi muncul di bagian atas tabel, yang paling rendah muncul di bagian bawah. Dalam ekspresi, operator yang diutamakan lebih tinggi akan dievaluasi terlebih dahulu.
| Category | Operator | Associativity |
|---|---|---|
| Postfix | >() [] . (dot operator) | Left toright |
| Unary | >++ - - ! ~ | Right to left |
| Multiplicative | >* / | Left to right |
| Additive | >+ - | Left to right |
| Shift | >>> >>> << | Left to right |
| Relational | >> >= < <= | Left to right |
| Equality | >== != | Left to right |
| Bitwise AND | >& | Left to right |
| Bitwise XOR | >^ | Left to right |
| Bitwise OR | >| | Left to right |
| Logical AND | >&& | Left to right |
| Logical OR | >|| | Left to right |
| Conditional | ?: | Right to left |
| Assignment | >= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |= | Right to left |
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